SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION

           During 5th millennium BC a people known as the Ubaidians established their settlements in the region known later as "SUMER"..This gradually developed into major cities of Sumerian cities..Then several centuries later the Ubaidians spreads semites from Syrian and Arabian.After 3250 BC another people migrated from its homeland located probably northest Mesopotamia and start to intermarry thus the newcomers who called as "SUMERIANS"

                                       SUMERIANS

                                       UBAIDIANS

             The region SUMER is the southermost region of ancient "MESOPOTAMIA"(modern days of KUWAIT and IRAQ)which considered as the "cradles of civilization"..They called themselves as "BLACK HEADED PEOPLE"..

           Mesopotamia : It is derived from the Greek (which means literally)between the rivers let from the fact the Sumer is located between two major rivers they are 

 

                           TIGRIS and EUPHRATES

      Tigris River : It flows from the mountains of southeastern "TURKEY" and "IRAQ"..

      Length : 1,850 km..

      Countries : Turkey,Iraq..

                                            TIGRIS

 

      Euphrates River :  It is the longest and one of the most historically rivers of the western Asia..

      Length : 2,800 km..

      Countries : Syria,Iraq,Turkey..

                                        EUPHRATES

          

                             CITIES OF SUMERIANS

           The city of Eridu which is close to Uruk was considered the first city in the world thus Sumerians were the first to built cities and some other major cities of Sumer are :-

            1. UR

            2. KISH

            3. NIPPUR

            4. KISSURA

            5. UMMA

            6. SIPPAR

            7. SHURUPPAK

            8. BAD-TIBIRA

            9. LARSA

            10 .GIRSU

            11. ADAB 

                          INVENTIONS OF SUMERS

            They have invented wheels,writing system,sail boats and the backbone works such as Agriculture..Those times wheels are made up of "rocks" and heavy weighted "timbers"

 

 

                     SUMERIANS WRITING SYSTEM  

            The Sumerians were the first to develop writing system they widely used "CLAY TABLETS" on which they wrote..Archaeologist have dug up many thousands of them some dated earlier than 3000 BC,,Such kind of writing on clay are called as the "CUNEIFORM"..

                              SUMERIANS SCHOOL

           Cuneiform was difficult to learn to master it pupils went to a temple school and using a clay tablet as a textbook teacher used to wrote on left hand side and the pupil copied the same on the right hand side finally mistakes could be smoothed out..At certain age they became master under cuneiform..

                                RULERS OF SUMER 

          At first Sumer was ruled by "ANTEDILUVIAN" 

 1.Antediluvian Ruler : The rulers has been verified as epigraphical inscriptions they are belongs to the early bronze age period the culture which ended approximately 2900 BC 

          ALULIM was the first ruler of Antediluvian he ruled nearly 28,800 years..Then it was defeated by "KISH"

 2. 1st Dynasty of Kish : JUSHUR was the first ruler of Kish-1(1200 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Uruk-1..

3. 1st Dynasty of Uruk : MESH-KI-ANG was the first ruler of Uruk-1(324 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Ur-1..Mesh-ki-ang entered the sea and disappeared.. 

4. 1st Dynasty of Ur : MESH-ANE-PADA was the first ruler of Ur(80 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to AWAN..

5. Dynasty of Awan : 3 kings of Awan was only rulers who ruled Awan(356 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to KISH-2..

6. 2nd Dynasty of Kish : SUSUDA was the first ruler of kish-2(201 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to HAMAZI..

7. Dynasty of Hamazi : HADANISH was the first ruler of  Hamazi(360 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Uruk-2..

8. 2nd Dynasty of Uruk : EN-SHAG-KUSH-ANA was the first ruler of Uruk-2(60 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Ur-2..

9. 2nd Dynasty of Ur : NANNI was the first ruler of Ur-2(120 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Adab..

10. Dynasty of Adab : LUGAL-ANE-MUNDU was the first ruler of Adab(90 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Mari..

11. Dynasty of Mari : ANBU was the first ruler of Mari(30 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Kish-3..

12. 3rd Dynasty of Kish : KUG-BAU was the first ruler of kish-3(100 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Akshak..

13. Dynasty of Akshak : Unzi was the first ruler of Akshak(30 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Kish-4..

14. 4th Dynasty of Kish : PUZUR-SWEN was the first ruler of Kish-4(25 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Uruk-3..

15. 3rd Dynasty of Uruk : LUGAL-ZAGE-SI was the first ruler of Uruk-3(25 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Akkad..

16. Dynasty of Akkad : SARGON OF AKKAD was the first ruler of Akkad(40 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Uruk-4..

17. 4th Dynasty of Uruk : UR-NINGIN was the first ruler of Uruk-4(7 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Gutian Rule..

18. Gutian Rule : INKISHUSH was the first ruler of Gutian(6 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Uruk-5..

19. 5th Dynasty of Uruk : UTU-HENGAL was the first ruler of Uruk-5(427 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Ur-3..

20. 3rd Dynasty of Ur : UR-NAMMA was the first ruler of Ur-3(18 years)..Later he defeated and kingship taken to Isin..

21. Dynasty of Isin : ISHBI-ERRA was the first ruler of Isin(33 years)..Isin is the last dynasty of Sumer's..In that DAMIQ-ILISHU was the last ruler..He ruler nearly 23 years..

                               FALL OF SUMERIAN

          Around 2000 BC both Sumer and Akkad were attacked by Barbarians..The Amorites from Syria take control in Akkad and built a powerful new state..Elamites from Iran took city Ur then sacked it and burnt it thus the period comes to an end..